Steam boiler



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HOWARD J. WEBSTER, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM BOILER.

Application filed September To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HOWARD J. VVnns'rnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in steam boilers, and more especially of the horizontal return fire-tube type in which the lower section of the boiler shell is preferably disposed over the combustion chamber of the furnace and the hot gases after flowing the length of the boiler in one direction and impinging and radiating their heat against the underside of the boiler shell, pass through the longitudinal tubes within the boiler in the opposite direction and out to the stack.

The objects of the invention are First, to construct a steam boiler of the type above indicated in which the distance separating the centers of the adjacent fire tubes or fiues arranged at the upper zone or section of the fire tubes, is materially increased from the distance which separates the centers of the other tubes within the boiler shell for the purpose of materially increasing the cross-sectional area of the space separating the two upper horizontal and staggered rows of tubes, thereby greatly enlarging the steam disengaging width between the sides of the uppermost row of tubes and boiler shell than heretofore employed, and hence insuring a quicker and easier disengagement of the globules of steam and reduces priming to a minimum, and assures a maximum amount of dry steam and efficient operation of the boiler under all conditions of service.

Second, to construct a fire-tube boiler capable of efficiently carrying out the above indicated functions without decreasing the heating surface, evaporation or horse-power qualities of the boiler for a given number, length and diameter of tubes, and diameter of the boiler shell.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the detailed description of the construction and arrangement of parts and manner of operation.

The invention consists of structural characteristics and relative arrangements of elements which will be hereinafter more fully 2, 1922. Serial No. 585,966. l

described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings in which similar reference characters indicate the same parts in the several figures:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, taken on the line II of Figure 2, of a boiler showing the improved arrangement of fire tubes or flues.

Figure 2 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken on the line IIII of Fi ure 1, and

Figure 3 is a sectional view similar to Figure 2 of a modified form of the arrangement of the tubes.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, 10 is the cylindrical boiler shell provided with the front tube sheet 11, rear tube sheet 12 and smoke box 13, having an opening 14 leading to any suitable type of stack, not shown, all of which are the common and well known constructions and need no further disclosure.

Within the boiler shell and having their ends properly secured to the front and rear tube sheets 11 and 12 are arranged a plurality of fire tubes 15, 15, said tubes are preferably arranged in straight vertical and horizontal rows and said adjacent vertical and horizontal rows are arranged in a staggered relation to each other with a vertical straight space between the vertical rows, as indicated in Figure 2, and with the exception of the two uppermost horizontal rows, are evenly spaced with respect to their centers, as shown. The present invention and departure from prior boilers is in arranging and disposing the two upper horizontal rows of tubes 16 and 17 in such a manner that the vertical distance between a horizontal line drawn through the centers of tubes 17 and a horizontal line drawn through the centers of tubes 16 is greater than the vertical distance between this second horizontal line drawn through the centers of tubes 16 and a third horizontal line drawn through the centers of the horizontal row of tubes 15 next below the row of tubes 16; or is greater than the vertical distance between horizontallines drawn through the centers of any two adjacent horizontal rows of tubes 15. Or in other words the fire tubes 15, 16, and 17 are so arranged in horizontal and vertical rows, that the vertical rows being formed of tubes arranged in alternate horizontal rows,

the adjacent tubes of the horizontal rows being equally spaced, the tubes of the top horizontal row 17 being spaced from the vertically alined tubes of the third horizontal row of tubes 15 a greater distance apart than the space between the adjacent Vertically alined tubes 15 below the third horizontal row of tubes from the top. This arrangement of the two uppermost horizontal rows of tubes 16 and 17 will form between the adjacent tubes of these two uppermost rows a greater steam disengagement width or cross-sectional area, as indicated by reference character 18, than heretofore carried out in former boilers of this type, and as will be readily understood by the present arrangement or lay-out of tubes, there is a quicker, constant and more uniform flow of the globules of developed steam through said cross-sectional area 18 and their ready disengagement into the steam space or dome than heretofore possible, which operation insures a reduction of priming to a minimum with a maximum production of dry steam for a given heating surface, or number, length and diameter of fire tubes and boiler shells and will enable such a boiler of calculated and designed horsepower to be operated under a constant and appreciable overload without priming or in any way jeopardizing its life or high efiiciency of operation.

In the modification illustrated in sectional view in Figure 3, the same invention is carried out, except that the fire tubes 151 are disposed or divided into a plurality of groups, which, in this invention, three are shown with circulating passageways 191, 191, between said groups as indicated. The uppermost horizontal rows of tubes 161 and 171 are arranged with increased steam disengagement widths or cross sectional areas 181, 181, similar to and operating in the same manner as those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and need no further disclosure.

From the arrangement, size and grouping of the fire tubes a maximum amount of heating surface is obtained and at the same time there is created a sufficient cross-sectional tube area which enables the maximum volume and temperature of heated gases to pass through the tubes at the best velocity to efficiently and quickly convey the heat of said gases to the water arranged to the best advantage about said tubes and insure the proper, constant and uniform liberation of the developed steam and furthermore the above advantages, functions and efliciency are carried out by providing the necessary straight and direct vertical spaces between the vertical rows of tubes and complying with all the requirements of the A. S. M. E. boiler code adapted by the U. S. Government and all boiler manufacturers.

From the foregoing disclosure as to the construction and arrangement of the elements and mode of operation, it will be seen that all the objects recited in the statement of invention have been fully and efficiently carried out, and while I have described and shown my preferred forms, the same may be modified in many ways without departure from the spirit of the invention, as for example instead of three groups of fire tubes, two, four or any other plurality of groups of fire tubes may be used, as expressed in the claims.

What I claim is l. A steam boiler comprising a shell having front and rear tube sheets, a plurality of fire tubes within the shell arranged in horizontal and in vertical rows, the vertical rows being formed of tubes arranged in alternate horizontal rows, the adjacent tubes of the horizontal rows being equally spaced, the tubes of the top horizontal row being spaced from the vertically alined tubes of the third horizontal row a greater distance apart than the space between the adjacent vertically alined tubes below the third horizontal row, whereby the vertical path defined by adjacent vertical rows increases in width or crosssectional area at a point above the third horizontal row from the top, thereby forming an increased steam disengagement width or crosssectional area between the sides of the two uppermost rows of fire tubes and enabling a free and quicker liberation of the globules of developed steam and reducing the priming of the boiler to a minimum.

2. A steam boiler comprising 'a shell having front and rear tube sheets, a plurality of fire tubes of uniform diameter within the shell arranged in horizontal and in vertical rows, the vertical rows being formed of tubes arranged in alternate. horizontal rows, the adjacent tubes of the horizontal rows being equally spaced, the tubes of the top horizontal row being spaced from the vertically alined tubes of the third horizontal row a greater distance apart that the space between the adjacent vertically alined tubes below the third horizontal row, whereby the vertical path defined by adjacent vertical rows increases in width or cross-sectional area at a point above the third horizontal row from the top, thereby forming an increased disengagement width or cross-sectional area between the sides of the two uppermost rows of fire tubes and enabling a free and quicker liberation of the globules of developed steam and reducing the priming of the boiler to a minimum.

3. A steam boiler comprising a shell having a steam space and front and rear tube sheets, a plurality of groups of fire tubes of uniform diameter within the shell arranged in horizontal and in vertical rows, the verti- Mari. ma lman Marlins a vm oaiiaraiw,

cal rows being formed of tubes arranged in alternate horizontal rows, the adjacent tubes of the horizontal rows in each group being equally spaced, the tubes of the top horizontal row being spaced from the vertically alined tubes of the third horizontal row a greater distance apart than the space between the adjacent vertically alined tubes below the third horizontal row, whereby the vertical path defined by adjacent vertical rows increases in width or cross-sectional area at a point above the third horizontal row from the top, thereby forming an increased steam disengagement width or crosssectional area between the sides of the two uppermost rows of fire tubes and enabling a free and quicker liberation of the globules of developed steam into the steam spaces and reducing the priming of the boiler to a minimum.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

HOWARD J. WEBSTER. 

